IDAHO
, sandwiched in between Washington, Oregon and Montana, was the last of the states to be penetrated by whites, and rivals Alaska in the sheer scale of its barely explored
wilderness
areas. Though much of its scenery amply deserves national park status, its citizens have long been suspicious of encroachment by federal government and tourism alike, and only now is its potential for adventurous travel being appreciated.
With a marked absence of urban centers (the pleasant state capital
Boise
, in the south, being the only real exception), Idaho is very much a destination for the outdoors enthusiast. Natural wonders in its five-hundred-mile stretch include
Hell's Canyon
, America's deepest river gorge, the dramatic
Sawtooth National Recreation Area
and the black, barren
Craters of the Moon
. Beyond these,
hikers
and
backpackers
have the choice of no fewer than 81 mountain ranges, interspersed with virgin forest and lava plateau, while the mighty
Snake and Salmon rivers
offer endless scope for
fishing
and
whitewater rafting
.
In 1805,
Lewis and Clark
declared central Idaho's bewildering labyrinth of razor-edge peaks and wild waterways to be the most difficult leg of their mammoth journey from St Louis to the Pacific. Only their Shoshone guides enabled them to get through; to this day, there is no east-west road across the heart of the state. Reports of game animals tripping over each other in their profusion attracted the usual legions of itinerant trappers, but the Gold Rush of the 1860s and white pressure for land hastened the violent end of traditional life: four hundred Shoshone men, women and children were killed along the Bear River in 1863, the Nez Percé were driven out, and by the end of the 1870s the "Indian problem" had been eradicated. The name "Idaho," incidentally, was invented by a mining lobbyist, who felt it sounded Indian; it was originally proposed for what is now Colorado.
The central wilderness still divides the state into two distinct halves. The heavily forested
north
, interspersed with glacial lakes now fronted by resorts like
Sandpoint
and
Coeur d'Alene
, has always had strong trading links with Spokane in Washington; in the
south
, irrigation programs begun in the 1880s - partly instigated by Mormons - have transformed the scrubland to either side of the Snake River into the fertile fields responsible for the state's license-plate tag of "Famous Potatoes." Idaho's isolation, and small (1 million) population, have kept it largely out of the mainstream of recent US history; indeed, its remoteness has attracted assorted unwelcome guests - neo-Nazi survivalists awaiting the Second Coming and/or nuclear holocaust.
